Saponins, generally extracted from Quillaja saponaria tree, are considered non-ionic, high molecular weight complex glycosides known for their diverse biological and surfactant activities.
Saponin adjuvants discovered in 1925 and purified in 1991 constitute a versatile and flexible technology for vaccines.
Routes of administration
Saponin adjuvants has been administered in commercial human vaccines via intramuscular injection. Nasal, oral, sublingual, transdermal and rectal administration routes have also shown an effective immune response in veterinary and exploratory vaccines.
Antigen compatibility
Saponin adjuvants are compatible with all types of antigens, either standalone or formulated into adjuvant systems.
Adjuvant compatibility
Saponin adjuvants are compatible and combinable with other adjuvant technologies, though chemical characteristics of adjuvants are important to consider for a synergistic effect.
Unique efficacy
Following 60 years of research, the only two malaria vaccines approved contain a saponin adjuvant.
